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Staying Court Proceedings in the Context of International Commercial Arbitrations

It is very common for commercial contracts to include clauses requiring parties to submit disputes…

What Does “Best Efforts” Mean?

Businesses that agree to carry out their contractual obligations using “best efforts” may wonder what…

The Defence of Non Est Factum

When debtors are sued for amounts owing under a contract, it is not unusual for…

A Review of the Law of Quantum Meruit

Sometimes, a party may provide services to another, expecting a contract to be signed between…

A Review of the “Indoor Management Rule”

It is common for businesses to have long-term relationships with particular individuals. Still, when someone…

Contractual Terms and the Determination of Fair Value of Minority Shareholdings

It is commonly understood that minority shareholders have certain protections under the Business Corporations Act. …

What is the Meaning of a “Time Is Of The Essence” Clause in an Agreement?

The standard form agreement of purchase and sale used by the Ontario Real Estate Association…

Breach of Contract by a Company: A Potential Path to Personal Liability for Directors

When a business enters into a contract with another company, it must carry the risk…

Enforceability of Entire Agreement Clauses in Ontario

“Entire agreement” or “whole agreement” clauses are commonly used in contracts to limit the scope…

Court of Appeal Allows Fraudulent Misrepresentation as Defence to Contract Default

Contracts form the basis of every business relationship. Contracts can be customized to fit the…