The fallout from the global spread of COVID-19 has had a major impact on every industry and profession throughout the country, including the legal profession. With Ontario courts closing to all but the most urgent criminal and family matters in recent weeks, those facing civil disputes classified as “non-urgent” have been left wondering when they […]
Category Archives: Complex Corporate Commercial Litigation
Force Majeure and Frustration in Contracts Following the COVID-19 Pandemic
COVID-19 has clearly had a significant adverse impact on the economy of Ontario, Canada and the global economy. Given the impact of social isolation and physical distancing, and the closure of non-essential businesses, the reality is many individuals and businesses will be unable to fulfil their ongoing contractual commitments. What are the available legal defences? […]
The Discoverability of Oppression Claims
The Ontario Court of Appeal (ONCA) in Maurice v. Alles (2016) found section 4 of the Limitations Act to apply to oppression claims under the Ontario Business Corporations Act (OBCA). Accordingly, claimants must bring their oppression claims within two years of the alleged oppressive conduct, subject to discoverability. In the case of multiple oppressive acts […]
The Importance of Sufficiently Proving Damages
In civil litigation for breach of contract, establishing a breach is only part of the battle. The primary remedy for a breach of contract is an award of damages, in an amount sufficient to put the aggrieved party into a position it would have been if not for the breach. In order to secure an […]
Adding a Defendant & “Reasonable Discoverability”
In the course of a litigation file, misapprehensions sometimes occur. When there is confusion as to the identity of the proper defendant, sometimes the need to add a new party defendant to the action arises. Depending on how far into an action the new defendant is discovered, the statutory limitation period may help to provide […]
Security for Costs
What is an Order for Security for Costs? Granting a motion for security for costs is a discretionary remedy of the court under the Rules of Civil Procedure (the “Rules“) in favour of the defendant. The defendant will bring a motion requesting an order that the plaintiff must post security for the defendant’s litigation costs […]
Oppression Claims & The Business Judgment Rule
Oppression is defined under the Ontario Business Corporations Act as conduct that is “oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or that unfairly disregards the interests of any security holder, creditor, director or officer of the corporation”. This conduct does not need to be illegal so long as it fits the definition set out in the legislation. […]
Setting Aside a Default Judgment
What is a Default Judgment? A default judgment is often granted in favour of a plaintiff when the defendant, although served, either fails to appear in court or respond to a claim within the predetermined time limit. Can a Party Successfully Have it Set Aside? Setting aside a default judgment is a discretionary remedy based […]
Judgment Debts, Fraud and Bankruptcy
Many people assume that bankruptcy protects them from all creditors, across the board, however, this is not the case. In certain circumstances, debts may still be enforced even after a discharge in bankruptcy. When a creditor sues a debtor and a judgment is awarded, this judgment may survive an assignment into bankruptcy in certain circumstances. […]
Norwich Orders as a Tool of Discovery
What is a Norwich Order? A Norwich order compels a third-party, usually innocent, to preserve and produce evidence in its possession to the moving party. It is a rare and extraordinary remedy generally only given in specific circumstances. It is a creature of equity and is a discretionary remedy. The goal is to obtain information […]