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Court Approves Settlement of Class Action Against The Toronto-Dominion Bank

We have previously written about court decisions that related to settlement of class actions, but…

What Does “Best Efforts” Mean?

Businesses that agree to carry out their contractual obligations using “best efforts” may wonder what…

Court of Appeal Clarifies Meaning of “Material Change” in Securities Act

A recently released decision of the Court of Appeal has addressed the meaning of “material…

The Defence of Non Est Factum

When debtors are sued for amounts owing under a contract, it is not unusual for…

An Update on the Law of Deposits in Real Estate Transactions

Deposits are a common feature of real estate transactions, standing as “security for the purchaser’s…

A Review of the Law of Quantum Meruit

Sometimes, a party may provide services to another, expecting a contract to be signed between…

A Review of the “Indoor Management Rule”

It is common for businesses to have long-term relationships with particular individuals. Still, when someone…

Contractual Terms and the Determination of Fair Value of Minority Shareholdings

It is commonly understood that minority shareholders have certain protections under the Business Corporations Act. …

What is the Meaning of a “Time Is Of The Essence” Clause in an Agreement?

The standard form agreement of purchase and sale used by the Ontario Real Estate Association…

When Will Investment Advisors Owe Fiduciary Obligations To Their Clients?

In some contexts, the relationship between an investment advisor and their client may be fiduciary…